Copper (Cu)
Lokacin da aka narkar da jan karfe (Cu) a cikin allunan aluminium, kayan aikin injin suna inganta kuma aikin yanke ya zama mafi kyau.Duk da haka, juriya na lalata yana raguwa kuma zafi mai zafi yana yiwuwa ya faru.Copper (Cu) a matsayin ƙazanta yana da tasiri iri ɗaya.
Ƙarfi da taurin gami za a iya ƙarawa sosai tare da abun ciki na jan karfe (Cu) wanda ya wuce 1.25%.Koyaya, hazo na Al-Cu yana haifar da raguwa yayin jefarwar mutuwa, sannan kuma fadadawa, wanda ke sa girman simintin ya yi rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Magnesium (Mg)
Ana ƙara ƙaramin adadin magnesium (Mg) don kashe lalatawar intergranular.Lokacin da abun ciki na magnesium (Mg) ya wuce ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, yawan ruwa ya lalace, kuma ana rage raguwar zafin jiki da ƙarfin tasiri.
Silicon (Si)
Silicon (Si) shine babban sinadari don inganta ruwa.Za a iya samun mafi kyawun ruwa daga eutectic zuwa hypereutectic.Duk da haka, silicon (Si) wanda ke yin crystallizes yana ƙoƙarin samar da maki masu wuyar gaske, yana sa yanke aikin ya yi muni.Don haka, gabaɗaya ba a yarda ya wuce wurin eutectic ba.Bugu da ƙari, silicon (Si) na iya inganta ƙarfin ƙarfi, taurin, yanke aiki, da ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai girma yayin rage haɓakawa.
Magnesium (Mg) Aluminum-magnesium gami yana da mafi kyawun juriya na lalata.Don haka, ADC5 da ADC6 alloys ne masu jure lalata.Ƙarfin ƙarfinsa yana da girma sosai, don haka yana da zafi mai zafi, kuma simintin gyare-gyaren yana da wuyar tsagewa, yin simintin yana da wahala.Magnesium (Mg) a matsayin najasa a cikin kayan AL-Cu-Si, Mg2Si zai sa simintin gyare-gyare, don haka ma'auni yana tsakanin 0.3%.
Iron (Fe) Ko da yake ƙarfe (Fe) na iya ƙara yawan zafin jiki na recrystallization na zinc (Zn) da kuma rage tsarin recrystallization, a cikin narkewar mutuwa, baƙin ƙarfe (Fe) ya fito ne daga crucibles baƙin ƙarfe, gooseneck tubes, da kayan aikin narkewa, kuma yana narkewa a cikin zinc (Zn).Iron (Fe) wanda aluminum (Al) ke ɗauka yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, kuma lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe (Fe) ya wuce iyakar solubility, zai yi haske kamar FeAl3.Lalacewar da Fe galibi ke haifar da slag da iyo kamar mahaɗan FeAl3.Yin simintin gyare-gyaren ya zama mai karye, kuma injin ɗin ya lalace.Ruwan ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe yana rinjayar santsin saman simintin.
Rashin ƙarfe (Fe) zai haifar da lu'ulu'u masu kama da allura na FeAl3.Tun da mutuwar-simintin yana da sauri sanyaya, lu'ulu'u masu tasowa suna da kyau sosai kuma ba za a iya ɗaukar abubuwa masu cutarwa ba.Idan abun ciki ya kasance ƙasa da 0.7%, ba shi da sauƙi don rushewa, don haka abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe na 0.8-1.0% ya fi dacewa don zubar da mutuwa.Idan akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙarfe (Fe), za a samar da mahadi na ƙarfe, suna yin maki masu wuya.Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da abun ciki na ƙarfe (Fe) ya wuce 1.2%, zai rage yawan ruwa na gami, lalata ingancin simintin gyare-gyare, da kuma rage rayuwar abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin kayan aikin simintin mutuwa.
Nickel (Ni) Kamar jan karfe (Cu), akwai hali na ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi da taurin ƙarfi, kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan juriya na lalata.Wani lokaci, ana ƙara nickel (Ni) don inganta ƙarfin zafin jiki da ƙarfin zafi, amma yana da mummunar tasiri akan juriya na lalata da kuma yanayin zafi.
Manganese (Mn) Yana iya haɓaka ƙarfin zafin jiki na gami da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe (Cu) da silicon (Si).Idan ya wuce ƙayyadaddun iyaka, yana da sauƙi don samar da Al-Si-Fe-P+o {T*T f;X Mn mahadi na quaternary, wanda zai iya samar da maki mai wuyar gaske kuma ya rage yawan zafin jiki.Manganese (Mn) na iya hana tsarin recrystallization na aluminum gami, ƙara yawan recrystallization zafin jiki, da kuma muhimmanci tace recrystallization hatsi.Gyaran hatsi na recrystallization ya fi yawa saboda tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayar MnAl6 akan haɓakar ƙwayar recrystallization.Wani aiki na MnAl6 shine narkar da ƙarfe mara tsabta (Fe) don samar da (Fe, Mn) Al6 kuma yana rage illar baƙin ƙarfe.Manganese (Mn) wani muhimmin kashi ne na alloy na aluminium kuma ana iya ƙara shi azaman alloy na Al-Mn wanda ke tsaye ko kuma tare da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Saboda haka, mafi yawan aluminum gami sun ƙunshi manganese (Mn).
Zinc (Zn)
Idan Zinc (Zn) maras tsarki ya kasance, zai nuna rashin ƙarfi mai zafi.Koyaya, idan aka haɗa tare da mercury (Hg) don samar da alluran HgZn2 masu ƙarfi, yana haifar da tasiri mai ƙarfi.JIS ya nuna cewa abun ciki na zinc mara kyau (Zn) yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 1.0%, yayin da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen waje na iya ba da izini har zuwa 3%.Wannan tattaunawar ba tana nufin zinc (Zn) a matsayin kayan haɗin gwal ba amma a maimakon haka matsayinsa na ƙazanta wanda ke ƙoƙarin haifar da tsagewar simintin gyare-gyare.
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium (Cr) yana samar da mahadi masu tsaka-tsaki kamar (CrFe) Al7 da (CrMn) Al12 a cikin aluminum, yana hana haɓakawa da haɓakar haɓakawa da kuma samar da wasu abubuwan ƙarfafawa ga gami.Hakanan zai iya inganta taurin gami da rage damuwa lalata fatattaka ji.Duk da haka, zai iya ƙara quenching hankali.
Titanium (Ti)
Ko da ƙaramin adadin titanium (Ti) a cikin alluran na iya inganta kayan aikin injinsa, amma kuma yana iya rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki.Muhimmin abun ciki na titanium (Ti) a cikin jerin alloys na Al-Ti don taurin hazo kusan 0.15% ne, kuma ana iya rage kasancewar sa tare da ƙari na boron.
Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn), da Cadmium (Cd)
Calcium (Ca), gubar (Pb), tin (Sn), da sauran ƙazanta na iya kasancewa a cikin allunan aluminum.Tun da waɗannan abubuwa suna da maki daban-daban na narkewa da sifofi, suna samar da mahadi daban-daban tare da aluminum (Al), wanda ke haifar da tasiri daban-daban akan kaddarorin aluminum gami.Calcium (Ca) yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin aluminium kuma yana samar da mahaɗan CaAl4 tare da aluminium (Al), wanda zai iya haɓaka aikin yankan kayan haɗin gwal.Lead (Pb) da tin (Sn) ƙananan ƙarfe ne masu narkewa tare da ƙarancin solubility a cikin aluminum (Al), wanda zai iya rage ƙarfin gami amma inganta aikin yankewa.
Ƙara abun ciki na gubar (Pb) na iya rage taurin zinc (Zn) kuma yana ƙara narkewa.Koyaya, idan ɗayan gubar (Pb), tin (Sn), ko cadmium (Cd) ya wuce adadin da aka ƙayyade a cikin aluminum: gami da zinc, lalata na iya faruwa.Wannan lalata ba ta da ka'ida, yana faruwa bayan wani ɗan lokaci, kuma ana bayyana shi musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, yanayin zafi.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-09-2023